TPO Official 18 Passage 2 (The Mystery of Yawning)

nonpublic123 · 2022-08-01T17:45:45+02:00

這篇文章出自TPO Official 18 Passage 2 考古題網站(https://reurl.cc/D3voNe),捲動至網頁中間Official 18 Passage 2,鼠標移至上方會浮現在線做題,點選即可觀看文章該網站會擋中國大陸以外IP,需用chrome外掛程式:(https://re...

dunchee

nonpublic123 在第一段中的第一句:
.......
在其中 through deeper breathing 應是補充說明,所以這個部分是否可寫成
……when people are bored or sleepy and serves the function of increasing alertness by reversing the drop in blood oxygen levels that…… ?

Yes.

dunchee

nonpublic123 接下來在第八句的部分:

About the closest any research has come to supporting the tiredness theory is to confirm that adults yawn more often on weekdays than on weekends, and that school children yawn more frequently in their first year at primary school than they do in kindergarten.

此處的 about(*1) 是副詞，修飾 the closest (裡頭的形容詞最高級)。你應該有學過 "the+形容詞" 當名詞用的用法，所以主詞是 "the closest" (the closest what? 由 context 其實可以推導出指的是什麼)。

"(that) any research has come to supporting the tiredness theory" 是形容詞子句(/關係子句)。

參考： https://forum.wordreference.com/threads/has-come-to-supporting-the-tiredness-theory.3954074/

我的建議是把重點放在熟悉這個慣用表達: "The closest [that something/someone has come to something] is ... something ..." (*2) 。如果「補語」這個 label 能幫助你記憶那麼就用。

----------------------------------------

(*1) https://ahdictionary.com/word/search.html?q=about
adv. 1. Approximately; nearly: ...

(*2) 幾個例子：

"The closest I can come is to point out that at the end of 1999, WorldCom was among the largest 20 US companies by market value and that... " -- The Washington Post
"The closest I've come to something like a postseason game, was playing in the Subway Series." -- NY Daily News

nonpublic123

dunchee 你應該有學過 "the+形容詞" 當名詞用的用法

這我是第一次知道這種用法，在azar與另外一本cambrige的"grammar for IELTS with answers"都無提到。

不過多虧了您的解釋，我現在知道了這種用法，謝謝

在我另一本剛新買的文法書"grammar in use intermediate-劍橋活用英語文法(中級)"倒是有稍微帶到:

dunchee 由 context 其實可以推導出指的是什麼

According to convential theory, yawning takes place and serves the function by……

Unfortunately, the investigations have failed to find any connection between A and B

About the closest (connection) [(that) any research has come to supporting the tiredness theory] is……

dunchee 想一下，是補語的理由是什麼？

2 to say that something is definitely true OPP deny

confirm that

->Walsh confirmed that the money had been paid.

在這邊我的想法是The closest is to confirm that…….., and that……

如果只寫The closest is to confirm，讀的人根本不知道confirm什麼，所以才在後面加that子句

nonpublic123

dunchee (*2) 幾個例子：

關於第一個 The washington Post 的句子:

It’s hard to convey to someone who wasn’t around at the time just how mighty both companies seemed before they collapsed suddenly. The closest I can come is to point out that at the end of 1999, WorldCom was among the largest 20 US companies by market value and that several months later, Enron broke into the top 60.

是否能寫成

To convey to someone (who….) just how mighty…..suddenly is hard.

這邊的just是加強語氣用?

後面The closest (expression) (that I can come) is to point out…….

第二個NY Daily News

“I’m just excited to play postseason baseball…..

Growing up a big fan, and being there all those years, I can’t wait to feel that.

->Because I grew up a big fan, and I am there all those years…..

The closest (thing) (that) I’ve come to something like a postseason game, was playing in the Subway Series.

dunchee

nonpublic123 to confirm that adults… that名詞子句在此處也是當作補語的功能?

想一下，是補語的理由是什麼？hint: https://www.ldoceonline.com/dictionary/confirm

而在後面,以對等連接詞and所連接的that school children….也是當作補語的功能(省略to confirm)?

功能和前一個 that-clause 一樣。幾本上就是 confirm 兩個敘述 / that-clauses，這兩個敘述用 and 連接。你要當成是省略 to confirm 也行。

dunchee

nonpublic123 dunchee 你應該有學過 "the+形容詞" 當名詞用的用法

這我是第一次知道這種用法，在azar與另外一本cambrige的"grammar for IELTS with answers"都無提到。
不過多虧了您的解釋，我現在知道了這種用法，謝謝
在我另一本剛新買的文法書"grammar in use intermediate-劍橋活用英語文法(中級)"倒是有稍微帶到:

我另外查了一下，這個才是：
Practical English Usage by Michael Swan, 3rd edition
17.6 superlatives
Nouns are often left out after superlative adjectives.

I'm the tallest in my family.
We bought the cheapest.

雖然都是 the + 形容詞，但是還是有些差別

nonpublic123 dunchee 由 context 其實可以推導出指的是什麼

According to convential theory, yawning takes place and serves the function by……
Unfortunately, the investigations have failed to find any connection between A and B
About the closest (connection) [(that) any research has come to supporting the tiredness theory] is……

No... The noun that's left out is "research".

dunchee

nonpublic123 dunchee 想一下，是補語的理由是什麼？

2 to say that something is definitely true OPP deny

confirm that

->Walsh confirmed that the money had been paid.

在這邊我的想法是The closest is to confirm that…….., and that……

Longman
con‧firm ..... verb [transitive]
transitive 及物動詞，需要接受詞。文法上（至少台灣在教的傳統文法）不稱受詞為補語。that-clause 名詞子句，仍是名詞，仍是 confirm 的受詞。that-clause 的內容就是 "confirm什麼" 的那個 "什麼"。

如果只寫The closest is to confirm，讀的人根本不知道confirm什麼，所以才在後面加that子句

Yes. 這個是重點，你有這認知就夠了，再說 Longman 字典也有列接 that-clause 的用法。這也是我不大想碰這些文法 "labels" 的原因之一。「補語」這個術語以前高中時老師有在黑板上寫，我有跟著抄，但是我一直都不知道那是幹嘛用的 -- 我是後來(已經來美國幾年了)因為好奇才去翻字典，查到意思。（畢竟工作、日常生活這些 labels 用不到）

dunchee

這個也許會清楚些：

https://www.italki.com/post/question-494515

John:
Try this rewritten - hopefully into something you might be familiar with.

"(About) the closest any research has come to supporting the tiredness theory, is a theory that confirms that adults yawn more often on weekdays than at weekends, and that school children yawn more frequently in their first year at primary school than they do in kindergarten."

nonpublic123

我後來有在一個大陸的論壇看到一個蠻詳細的分析:https://reurl.cc/MNARYW

對岸的文法用語:(https://reurl.cc/qNgLVp) (https://reurl.cc/leRDQE)

分析從此處開始:

A has come the closet to B (the closest 副詞最高級修飾動詞)

然後該句改寫成

the closest (that) A has come to B

下面給了另一個類似例句:

我能想到最浪漫的事就是和你一起慢慢变老。
翻译：The most romantic (thing) (that I can think of) is to grow old with you.

->所以The most romantic這句應該可以寫為That I can think of the most romantically thing is to grow old with you. ?

接下來在the closest (that) A has come to B 前加about

再把be動詞後面的補語加入

About the closest (that) any A has come to doing B is to confirm that C and that D.

其實我之前所參加的托福補習班也有講解此句，只是我實在有看沒有懂

怕涉及到補習班的著作權所以我將補習班的這句的分析內容打上來:

1.先抓主要架構:A is to confirm (1)&(2)

About the closest any research has come to supporting the tiredness theory

is to confirm

that

(1)adults yawn more often on weekdays than at weekends,

and that

(2)school children yawn more frequently in their first year at primary school than they do in kindergarten.

2.分析名詞子句

將子句先簡化成the closest X has come to Y

在closest後補上research與that幫助理解:

About the closest (research) (that) any research has come to support the tiredness theory is……

相同結構的簡單例句:

About the closest (station) (that) you can find gasoline is that station.

dunchee

nonpublic123 關於第一個 The washington Post 的句子:

It’s hard to convey to someone who wasn’t around at the time just how mighty both companies seemed before they collapsed suddenly. The closest I can come is to point out that at the end of 1999, WorldCom was among the largest 20 US companies by market value and that several months later, Enron broke into the top 60.
是否能寫成
To convey to someone (who….) just how mighty…..suddenly is hard.

No. 原句型的存在有它的理由 -- 避免「頭重腳輕」的句子。你改寫的句子就是頭重(主詞落落長)腳輕。如果你「改寫」的目的是為了幫助你自己了解，只是你寫給你自己看的，那麼這無妨。最終還是改掉這習慣為佳。

這邊的just是加強語氣用?

Yes.

後面The closest (expression) (that I can come) is to point out…….

"The closest"指的是前頭說的"how might"這個 mightiness.

dunchee

nonpublic123 第二個NY Daily News
“I’m just excited to play postseason baseball…..
Growing up a big fan, and being there all those years, I can’t wait to feel that.
->Because I grew up a big fan, and I am there all those years…..

... and I was there all those years ....

The closest (thing) (that) I’ve come to something like a postseason game, was playing in the Subway Series.

The closest 指的是 baseball game

nonpublic123

dunchee "The closest"指的是前頭說的"how might"這個 mightiness.

我想了一下，前面舉了兩個泡沫化的例子

後面說

It’s hard to convey to someone who wasn’t around at the time just how mighty both companies seemed before they collapsed suddenly. 難以表達在泡沫化之前這兩家公司是多麼強大

後面就舉出例子The closest I can come is to point out that….

dunchee The closest 指的是 baseball game

這邊應該是表示在過去常打的最接近postseason game的baseball game是Subway Series

不知道我這樣解釋是否正確?

dunchee

nonpublic123 我想了一下，前面舉了兩個泡沫化的例子

後面說

It’s hard to convey to someone who wasn’t around at the time just how mighty both companies seemed before they collapsed suddenly. 難以表達在泡沫化之前這兩家公司是多麼強大

後面就舉出例子The closest I can come is to point out that….

後面就舉出他能想到的最接近的例子，so yes.

nonpublic123 dunchee The closest 指的是 baseball game

這邊應該是表示在過去常打的最接近postseason game的baseball game是Subway Series

Yes.